Share in joint family property (partition after exclusion):
how long do you have?
Last reviewed: 2026-08-19 · quoted from the India Code bare-Act PDF
When the exclusion becomes known to the plaintiff.
The Schedule row, as the Act prints it
Article 110Description: By a person excluded from a joint family property to enforce a right to share therein.
Period: Twelve years.
Time from which period begins to run: When the exclusion becomes known to the plaintiff.
Open the bare Act on India Code →
In plain English
The article closest to a 'partition limitation' rule: a member EXCLUDED from joint family property has twelve years from learning of the exclusion to enforce his or her share. Between co-owners in joint possession, the right to seek partition is treated as a continuing right — limitation generally does not run until there is a clear ouster or exclusion.
Where this comes up
- Daughter or brother kept out of ancestral property demanding partition after learning of exclusion
- Co-sharer discovering the property was mutated solely in another member's name
What can reset or extend this period
General rules for entries in the Suits division. The full statutory quotes (ss.5, 12, 18-19, 6-8) are on the finder page.
No condonation — ever
Section 5 applies only to appeals and applications, never to suits. A time-barred suit must be dismissed under s.3 'although limitation has not been set up as a defence'. There is no discretionary mercy for suits.
Acknowledgment and part-payment reset the clock
A written acknowledgment of liability signed by the party (s.18), or a part-payment acknowledged in the payer's handwriting or signed writing (s.19), gives a fresh period — but only if made BEFORE the current period expires. An acknowledgment of an already-barred debt creates no fresh period under this Act.
Computation exclusions
s.12(1) excludes the first day; s.4 lets you file on the reopening day if the period expires while the court is closed; s.14 excludes time spent prosecuting in good faith in a court without jurisdiction; s.15 excludes stay/injunction periods and statutory-notice time; s.17 postpones the start until discovery in cases of fraud, concealment or mistake. But s.9: once time begins to run, no subsequent disability stops it.
Legal disability
If the person entitled to sue is a minor or of unsound mind when the period would start, ss.6-7 let them sue within the same period after the disability ceases — capped by s.8 at three years from cessation, and denied entirely to pre-emption suits (Article 97).
Frequently asked
Is a partition suit ever time-barred?
So long as co-owners remain in joint possession (possession of one is possession of all), the right to partition continues and no limitation runs. Article 110's twelve years bites only when a member is excluded — and then from knowledge of the exclusion.
What counts as 'exclusion'?
A clear, hostile denial of your share brought home to you — sole mutation with denial of your rights, refusal to recognise your share, physical ouster — not mere non-participation in management.
This is a reference to the statutory text, not advice on a live matter. Limitation is brutally fact-sensitive — when the cause of action accrued, whether an acknowledgment or part-payment reset the clock, and which exclusions under ss.4-15 apply all turn on your specific facts. This page is a reference to the statutory text, not advice on a live matter, and it does not create an advocate-client relationship. A single day's error can be fatal to a claim: s.5 condonation never applies to suits, and several special-statute deadlines (Arbitration s.34(3), IBC s.61(2)) are hard ceilings no court can extend. Verify every period against the bare Act as currently amended and against current case law, and take advice on your own facts before acting. Provisions here were reviewed on 19 August 2026.