← All 13 practice areas
Practice area 13 of 13

General Legal
under Indian law.

Not every legal question arrives with a practice area attached. This hub is the entry point for the ordinary ones — is this agreement enforceable, how long do I have to sue, what does this clause actually do, which filing did I just miss — and points at the free scanner, the template library, the calculators and the residuary provisions of Indian law that catch what the specific ones do not.

Last reviewed: 19 August 2026 · every citation on this page names the dataset it came from

What's in this hub
  • 6governing provisions
  • 12product capabilities
  • 7free tools
  • 2limitation periods
  • 7free templates
  • 4audiences
Assembled from what LexVio actually ships. Nothing here is a roadmap item.
What this area covers

Indian law has two deliberate catch-alls, and knowing them saves a lot of searching. Article 113 of the Limitation Act, 1963 gives three years for any suit for which no other article of the Schedule provides a period, running from when the right to sue accrues. Article 137 does the same for applications. If you cannot find a specific article for your claim, you have almost certainly landed on one of these two.

On the contract side the residuary question is s.10 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872: an agreement is a contract if made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object. Where it goes wrong, s.73 gives compensation for loss that naturally arose from the breach. And where a cheque was the payment mechanism, s.138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 makes dishonour an offence punishable with up to two years' imprisonment or a fine up to twice the cheque amount.

The free surface is genuinely free and genuinely local. The public scanner takes any pasted contract and returns a Legal Health Score and the top risks with no account. Fifteen free tools are live — GST, TDS rates, stamp duty across 22 states, HSN/SAC codes, GSTIN validation, income-tax slabs, the CII series, interest and late fees, ROC forms, limitation periods, the 1961-to-2025 section mapping, DPDP readiness, an NDA generator, the compliance calendar and the template library. The calculators run in your browser; nothing you type is uploaded. Seven contract templates are licensed for commercial use without attribution.

Indian law that governs this

The provisions, with their section numbers.

Each row names the dataset it was taken from — the seeded statute library, the compliance calendar's own statutory reference, the bare Limitation Act, or the DPDP research set. Nothing here was written from memory.

Act
Provision
What it says
Source
The Limitation Act, 1963
Art. 113
Residuary suit
Three years, from when the right to sue accrues — the article a suit lands on when no other fits.
Limitation Act dataset
The Limitation Act, 1963
Art. 137
Residuary application
Three years, from when the right to apply accrues — the application equivalent of Article 113.
Limitation Act dataset
The Indian Contract Act, 1872
s.10
What agreements are contracts
Free consent, competent parties, lawful consideration, lawful object. The four-part test everything else builds on.
Statute library
The Indian Contract Act, 1872
s.73
Compensation for loss or damage caused by breach of contract
Compensation for loss or damage that naturally arose in the usual course of things from the breach.
Statute library
The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
s.138
Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency of funds
Imprisonment up to two years, or fine up to twice the cheque amount, or both.
Statute library
The Companies Act, 2013
s.2
Definitions
The master definitions section — company, director, key managerial personnel, related party, subsidiary, holding company.
Statute library
Free, no login

Tools that apply to this work.

Each runs in your browser. Nothing is uploaded anywhere, and none of them needs an account.

Free tool
NDA Generator

Indian-law NDA in five templates — mutual, one-way, employment, vendor and IP-heavy.

Open tool →
Free tool
Free Contract Templates

India-first templates, free to copy, modify and use commercially, without attribution.

Open tool →
Free tool
Compliance Deadline Calendar

Every recurring statutory due date, month by month, each carrying its own citation.

Open tool →
Free tool
Limitation Period Finder

Periods quoted from the bare Limitation Act, 1963, plus the arbitration, cheque-bounce, IBC and consumer deadlines.

Open tool →
Free tool
GST Calculator

Forward and reverse GST, with the CGST/SGST split for intra-state supply and IGST for inter-state.

Open tool →
Free tool
Stamp Duty Calculator

State-by-state duty for sale deeds, gift deeds, leases and loan agreements. 22 states covered.

Open tool →
Free tool
Interest & Late Fee Calculator

Interest under 234A/234B/234C, CGST s.50, TDS 201(1A) and the 234E fee, each with its citation.

Open tool →
Deadlines that end the claim

Limitation periods that bite here.

Quoted from the India Code bare Act. The period is only half the answer — the third column of the Schedule, the point from which time begins to run, is what actually decides the date. Each entry sets both out.

Art. 113
Residuary suit (any suit with no named article)

Three years.

Art. 137
Residuary application (any application with no named article)

Three years.

Drafting starting points

Free templates for this area.

Free to copy, modify and use commercially, without attribution. They are starting points, not advice — have a qualified advocate or company secretary review anything before you sign it.

Corporate / Fundraising
SAFE — Simple Agreement for Future Equity (Post-Money, India)

Y-Combinator post-money SAFE adapted for an Indian private company. For pre-seed / seed convertibles where you want speed and a valuation cap without a priced round.

Corporate / Fundraising
Shareholders' Agreement (SHA) — India

Board composition, reserved matters, transfer restrictions, ROFR/tag/drag, and exit rights for an Indian private limited company.

Corporate / Fundraising
Share Subscription Agreement (SSA) — India

Subscription mechanics, conditions precedent, representations and warranties for a priced equity round.

Corporate / Equity Compensation
ESOP Plan + Grant Letter — India

Employee stock option plan and grant letter aligned to the Companies Act 2013 and the Share Capital and Debentures Rules, with the Indian perquisite-tax position at exercise.

Corporate / Founders
Founders' Agreement — India

Equity split, vesting and cliff, roles and decision-making, IP assignment, and what happens when a founder leaves.

Data Protection / Privacy
Data Processing Agreement (DPDP Act 2023) — India

Drafted to the DPDP Act 2023 and DPDP Rules 2025, not a re-badged GDPR Article 28 DPA. Statutory Data Fiduciary / Data Processor / Data Principal vocabulary, the Rule 6 security floor including the one-year log minimum, a breach window short enough for the Fiduciary's own 72-hour Board report, and cross-border handled the way Section 16 actually works.

Employment / HR
Employment Agreement (India) — Standard

India-compliant employment agreement aligned to the labour codes, with confidentiality, IP assignment and a non-solicit drafted against Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act.

Inside LexVio

The capabilities that do this work.

Every one of these is a real feature page with its own status — Live, Beta or Soon. If it says Beta, it is in beta.

CapabilityLive
Public scanner

Paste any contract; get a Legal Health Score and top risks. No account needed.

CapabilityLive
Contract scanner

Three-tier extraction cascade so PDF, DOCX, and scanned bilingual contracts all work.

CapabilityLive
Legal Health Score

One number, 0-100, summarising your contract's overall risk position.

CapabilityLive
Clause-level risk scoring

Red, amber, or green for every clause, with an explanation and confidence score.

CapabilityLive
Vio — Ask any document

Conversational Q&A over a single contract or matter with cited answers.

CapabilityLive
Contract template library

India-tailored starting drafts for NDAs, MSAs, employment, SAFE notes, and more.

CapabilityLive
NDA generator

Mutual / one-way / employment / vendor / IP-heavy templates. Print to PDF.

CapabilityLive
Matter management

Group contracts, court research, and compliance items by matter.

CapabilityLive
Encrypted vault

AES-256 at rest, TLS 1.3 in transit, AWS Mumbai region by default.

CapabilityBeta
WhatsApp bot

Forward a contract clause from WhatsApp; get a risk read in seconds.

CapabilityBeta
Voice interface

Voice queries to the AI from desktop or mobile. Indian-English + Hindi.

CapabilitySoon
Browser extension

Right-click any PDF or Gmail attachment → "Scan with LexVio".

Where it lives

The modules this area draws on.

Module
Legal AI

Contract review, AI redlining, court research, fix suggestions and the Legal Health Score.

Who this is for

The people who do general legal work.

Audience
Freelancers

Get paid. Don't get sued.

Audience
Students

Learn law with AI — built for students.

Audience
Small Businesses

Legal protection without the legal fees.

Audience
Founders

Stop signing investor docs you don't fully understand.

Questions

General Legal — the questions people actually ask.

How long do I have to sue if no specific limitation article fits?

Three years under Article 113 of the Limitation Act, 1963 for a suit, and three years under Article 137 for an application, each running from when the right to sue or apply accrues. Both are residuary articles — they exist precisely for claims the Schedule does not name. Remember that s.5 condonation is never available for suits, so the residuary period for a suit is effectively hard.

Is the free contract scanner really free, and what does it do with my document?

It is free and needs no account: paste a contract and it returns a Legal Health Score out of 100 and the top risks. Inside the product the same pipeline runs a three-tier extraction cascade so PDFs, DOCX files and scanned bilingual documents parse, scores every clause red, amber or green with an explanation and confidence score, and suggests replacement language. Models are not trained on customer content without explicit opt-in, and the default is off.

Which free tools are worth knowing about?

Fifteen are live: GST calculator, TDS rate finder, NDA generator, stamp duty calculator across 22 states, HSN/SAC finder, GSTIN validator, income-tax section mapper for the 1961-to-2025 changeover, DPDP readiness quiz, limitation period finder, income-tax slab rates, cost inflation index, interest and late fee calculator, ROC form finder, the compliance deadline calendar and the free template library. The calculators run in your browser; nothing you type is uploaded.

Can LexVio replace a lawyer?

No, and nothing on this site claims otherwise. Every output — risk score, fix suggestion, statutory citation, simulator result — is an analytical aid that shows its sources so a qualified advocate, company secretary or chartered accountant can check it. Indian law is fact- and state-specific, and the answer to most real questions depends on facts a document reader does not have.

← Previous area
Data Privacy
Back to all 13 practice areas →

A map of the material, not advice on your matter. These hubs point at statutory text, free calculators and product capabilities. They are not legal advice, they do not create an advocate-client relationship, and they are no substitute for reading the bare Act as currently amended. Indian law is fact- and state-specific — stamp duty, registration and several employment obligations vary by state, and limitation turns on facts a web page cannot know. Take advice on your own facts before acting.

The law is in the document.
Let LexVio read it first.

Paste any contract. Get a Legal Health Score and the top risks in 30 seconds. No account needed.

Try the free scanner →